Åbo Akademi University

Åbo Akademi University, in Swedish Åbo Akademi, is the only exclusively Swedish-language multi-faculty university in Finland and the only one of its kind anywhere outside Sweden.奥布学术大学（瑞典语：Åbo Akademi）是芬兰唯一一所以瑞典语授课的综合性大学，也是瑞典境外唯一一所此类大学。

Founded by private donation in 1918, it is based mainly in Turku, whose Swedish name is Åbo, and also runs a campus in Vaasa on the west coast.该校于 1918 年由私人捐资创办，主校区位于图尔库（其瑞典语名为「奥布」），并在西海岸的瓦萨设有校区。

In 2024 it enrolled 5,564 students and employed 1,179 staff, with a turnover of 118 million euro, and in the QS World University Rankings 2027 it is placed 670th in the world.2024 年该校在校学生 5564 人、教职员工 1179 人、营收 1.18 亿欧元；在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列世界第 670 位。

History

• The university traces its origin to the Royal Academy of Åbo, founded in Turku in 1640 when Finland formed part of the Swedish realm, which made Turku a university town for the first time.该校的渊源可追溯至 1640 年芬兰尚属瑞典王国时建于图尔库的「奥布皇家学院」，这使图尔库首次成为大学城。
• After Russia took over Finland the capital was moved to Helsinki in 1812, and the Great Fire of Turku in 1827 drove the Royal Academy of Åbo to Helsinki, where it became the University of Helsinki.俄国接管芬兰后于 1812 年把首都迁往赫尔辛基；1827 年的图尔库大火又迫使奥布皇家学院迁往赫尔辛基，后来演变为赫尔辛基大学。
• For nearly two centuries after that departure Turku had no university of its own, and in the early twentieth century a group of wealthy local benefactors decided to raise money to found a Swedish-language institution.迁校之后近两个世纪里图尔库再无自己的大学；20 世纪初，一批当地富裕赞助人决定筹款重建一所瑞典语授课的高校。
• Åbo Akademi was therefore founded in 1918 through private donations as the third university in Finland, both to restore Turku's status as a university town and because Swedish was felt to be under pressure at the University of Helsinki.奥布学术大学因此于 1918 年靠私人捐资创办，成为芬兰第三所大学；其动因既有重建图尔库大学城之名，也有对瑞典语在赫尔辛基大学受挤压的担忧。
• When it opened, the new university consisted of three faculties, namely arts, mathematics and natural sciences, and political science, the last being the first such faculty in the Nordic countries.建校之初，这所新大学设三个学院，即文学院、数学与自然科学学院和政治学院，其中政治学院为北欧首创。
• Its first students were admitted in January 1919, and during the 1920s chairs in chemical engineering, theology and economics were added to broaden its academic profile.首批学生于 1919 年 1 月入学；20 世纪 20 年代又相继设立化学工程、神学与经济学等教席，以拓宽学科格局。
• The Finnish-language University of Turku was founded in 1920 by similar private donations and for similar reasons, so that the two universities came to share the bilingual city.芬兰语授课的图尔库大学于 1920 年同样靠私人捐资、出于相似动因建立，两所大学由此共同扎根于这座双语城市。
• After the Second World War, with private money running short, Åbo Akademi faced severe financial difficulty and received its first state grant in 1951.二战结束后私人资金日渐枯竭，奥布学术大学陷入严重财政困难，并于 1951 年获得第一笔政府补助。
• That state support became permanent in 1963, and from 1981 the university was converted entirely into a public institution funded by the Finnish state.这项政府资助于 1963 年转为长期性质；自 1981 年起该校全面转为由国家资助的公立大学。
• Åbo Akademi expanded to Vaasa in 1974 with the establishment of the Faculty of Education, followed in 1992 by the Faculty of Social and Caring Sciences, also in Vaasa.奥布学术大学于 1974 年在瓦萨设立教育学院，1992 年又在该市设立社会与护理科学学院。
• In 1995 a branch of the Faculty of Education was opened in Jakobstad on the Ostrobothnian coast, extending the university's reach further along the west coast.1995 年，教育学院的一个分部在波的尼亚海岸的雅各布斯塔德开设，使学校布局沿西海岸进一步延伸。
• The foundation Stiftelsen för Åbo Akademi, created alongside the university, survived its conversion to public status and still maintains many university buildings while acting as a major donor.与大学一同设立的「奥布学术大学基金会」（Stiftelsen för Åbo Akademi）在学校转为公立后仍然存续，至今既维护多座校舍，也是重要捐助方。
• Edvard Westermarck, the sociologist and anthropologist, served as the university's first rector from 1918 to 1921 while also holding a chair at the London School of Economics.社会学与人类学家爱德华·韦斯特马克在伦敦政治经济学院任教的同时，于 1918 至 1921 年出任该校首任校长。
• Rector terms in the twentieth century were often brief, with figures such as Severin Johansson, rector from 1921 to 1929, and Otto Andersson, rector from 1929 to 1936, succeeding one another.20 世纪该校校长任期往往较短，如 1921 至 1929 年任校长的塞韦林·约翰松与 1929 至 1936 年任校长的奥托·安德松先后继任。
• Karl-Gustav Fogel, rector from 1969 to 1975, and Bengt Stenlund, rector from 1988 to 1997, led the university through the decades in which it consolidated its public status and research profile.1969 至 1975 年任校长的卡尔-古斯塔夫·福格尔与 1988 至 1997 年任校长的本特·斯滕隆德，带领学校走过其巩固公立地位与科研格局的数十年。
• Gustav Björkstrand, rector from 1997 to 2005, later became Bishop of Porvoo, reflecting the close ties between the university and Swedish-language church life in Finland.1997 至 2005 年任校长的古斯塔夫·比约克斯特兰德后来出任波尔沃主教，折射出该校与芬兰瑞典语教会生活的紧密联系。
• Mikko Hupa became rector in 2015, and Moira von Wright served from 2019 until November 2021, when Mikael Lindfelt took office as rector.米科·胡帕于 2015 年出任校长；莫伊拉·冯·赖特自 2019 年任职至 2021 年 11 月，其后由米凯尔·林德费尔特接任。
• A major structural change came in February 2025, when the university approved a reorganisation, effective from 1 August 2025, that merged its former faculties into two broad faculties.2025 年 2 月该校批准一项重组方案，方案自 2025 年 8 月 1 日生效，把原有各学院合并为两大新学院。
• Since that reform the university has been organised into the Faculty of Human and Social Sciences and the Faculty of Science and Engineering, both of which operate on the Turku and Vaasa campuses.自那次改革之后，该校组成人文与社会科学学院、科学与工程学院两大学院，两者在图尔库与瓦萨两校区均有布局。
• Gunilla Widén was appointed Acting Rector from 4 April 2025, taking over from Mikael Lindfelt, with Marko Joas as pro-rector and Patrik Henelius and Mikael Nygård as vice-rectors.自 2025 年 4 月 4 日起，古妮拉·维登接替米凯尔·林德费尔特出任代理校长，马尔科·约阿斯任常务副校长，帕特里克·赫内柳斯与米凯尔·尼高德任副校长。
• Its holdings include Edvard Westermarck's archive, which was inscribed on Finland's national UNESCO Memory of the World register in 2021 and documents the pioneering sociologist's field research.该校馆藏包括爱德华·韦斯特马克档案，该档案于 2021 年入选芬兰的国家级联合国教科文组织「世界记忆」名录，记载了这位先驱社会学家的田野研究。

Academics

• Teaching and research are conducted in Swedish across both campuses, and Åbo Akademi is responsible for higher education for a large share of Finland's Swedish-speaking population.该校在图尔库与瓦萨两校区均以瑞典语开展教学与研究，并承担着芬兰相当大一部分瑞典语人口的高等教育。
• Following the 2025 reorganisation the university has two faculties, the Faculty of Human and Social Sciences and the Faculty of Science and Engineering, replacing the earlier seven-faculty structure.2025 年重组后，该校设人文与社会科学学院、科学与工程学院两大学院，取代此前的七学院架构。
• The Faculty of Human and Social Sciences brings together business and economics, law, humanities, education and social sciences, with departments in both Turku and Vaasa.人文与社会科学学院整合商业与经济、法学、人文、教育和社会科学等方向，在图尔库与瓦萨均设有系所。
• The Faculty of Science and Engineering covers natural and health sciences together with engineering and information technology, taught chiefly in Turku.科学与工程学院涵盖自然科学与健康科学以及工程与信息技术，主要在图尔库授课。
• In 2024 the university awarded 643 master's degrees and 68 doctoral degrees, reflecting its role as a research-intensive institution oriented towards postgraduate study.2024 年该校授予 643 个硕士学位与 68 个博士学位，体现出其研究密集型、以研究生教育为重的定位。
• Its annual publication output stood at 1,379 peer-reviewed publications a year, a measure that the Finnish state uses in allocating core funding to universities.该校每年发表 1,379 篇经同行评议的论文，这一指标被芬兰政府用于核算对高校的核心拨款。
• Total turnover in 2024 was 118 million euro, of which 54 million euro came from external and competitive research funding.2024 年该校营收总额为 1.18 亿欧元，其中 5,400 万欧元来自外部竞争性科研经费。
• The university employs 1,179 people, 765 of whom work in teaching and research, with the remainder serving the library and central administrative services.该校共有 1,179 名员工，其中 765 人从事教学与科研，其余服务于图书馆及行政支持部门。
• Åbo Akademi maintains joint research units such as the Turku PET Centre, run with the University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, and the Turku Centre for Computer Science.该校设有多个联合研究平台，包括与图尔库大学、图尔库大学医院合办的正电子发射断层扫描中心（PET 中心）以及图尔库计算机科学中心。
• Other units include the Turku Centre for Biotechnology, the Donner Institute for Research in Religious and Cultural History, the Institute of Human Rights and a Language Centre.其他机构还包括图尔库生物技术中心、唐纳宗教与文化史研究所、人权研究所以及语言中心。
• Vasa övningsskola in Vaasa serves as the practice school for the teacher-training programmes, linking the university to basic education in the Ostrobothnian region.位于瓦萨的「瓦萨实习学校」是教师培养项目的实习学校，把该校与波的尼亚地区的基础教育相衔接。
• Cooperation between faculties and with other universities is essential because many subjects taught in Swedish have very few students, so cross-institutional courses are common.由于以瑞典语授课的许多专业学生规模极小，学院之间以及与其他高校之间的合作十分关键，跨校选课较为普遍。
• Students come from both Swedish-speaking and Finnish-speaking backgrounds, and applicants who are Finnish speakers must pass a Swedish language test for admission.学生既有瑞典语母语者也有芬兰语母语者；以芬兰语为母语的申请者须通过瑞典语测试方能入学。
• Most students, whatever their first language, are expected to become functionally bilingual by the time they complete their degrees.无论母语为何，大多数学生在完成学位时都能达到可实际运用的双语水平。
• Åbo Akademi cooperates with around 400 partner universities worldwide, supporting student exchanges, joint degrees and international research collaboration.该校与全球约 400 所合作大学开展交流，支持学生互换、联合学位与国际科研合作。
• The university also offers continuing and adult education through its Centre for Lifelong Learning, and runs training for teachers at several levels.该校还通过其终身学习中心提供继续教育与成人教育，并开展多个层次的教师培训。
• Its Swedish-language academic tradition links Åbo Akademi to universities in Sweden such as Uppsala University and Stockholm University, and to Nordic research networks.其瑞典语学术传统把奥布学术大学与乌普萨拉大学、斯德哥尔摩大学等瑞典高校以及北欧研究网络联系起来。

Campus

• Åbo Akademi is mainly based in Turku, a bilingual port city on Finland's south-west coast, where its main building stands on Cathedral Square at Tuomiokirkontori 3.该校主要位于芬兰西南海岸的双语港口城市图尔库，其主楼坐落于大教堂广场（Tuomiokirkontori 3 号）。
• The university's Turku premises are dispersed among buildings in the city centre rather than gathered in a single walled campus, a legacy of its history as a donated institution.该校在图尔库的校舍散布于市中心各建筑之中，而非集中于单一围墙校园，这是其靠捐赠创办的历史所留下的特点。
• The Vaasa campus is located at Rantakatu 2 on the west coast, where education, social and caring sciences and parts of the engineering teaching are delivered.瓦萨校区位于西海岸的兰塔街 2 号，教育、社会与护理科学以及部分工程课程在此授课。
• The city of Turku has two universities, the Swedish-language Åbo Akademi and the Finnish-language University of Turku, which share library and hospital facilities.图尔库市拥有两所大学——瑞典语的奥布学术大学与芬兰语的图尔库大学，二者共用图书馆与医院设施。
• The foundation Stiftelsen för Åbo Akademi owns and maintains many of the university's buildings, a lasting consequence of the institution's private origins.奥布学术大学基金会拥有并维护该校的许多建筑，这是学校私立起源留下的长远结果。
• Vasa övningsskola, the teacher-training practice school, is housed in Vaasa alongside the university's teacher-education programmes.作为教师培养实习学校的「瓦萨实习学校」与该校的教师教育项目同在瓦萨设点。
• The university's library holds the archives of Edvard Westermarck and other Swedish-language collections of national importance, including material on early twentieth-century social anthropology.该校图书馆收藏爱德华·韦斯特马克档案以及其他具有全国意义的瑞典语馆藏，其中包括关于 20 世纪初社会人类学的资料。
• Nordic academic traditions are maintained through periodic doctoral promotion ceremonies, at which new doctors receive a doctoral hat and, in Swedish and Finnish practice, a ceremonial sword.通过定期举行的博士授衔典礼，该校延续北欧学术传统：新晋博士获授博士帽，并按瑞典与芬兰的做法获授仪典佩剑。
• The university's main building on Cathedral Square faces Turku Cathedral and stands at the centre of the city's historic core near the Aura River.位于大教堂广场的主楼正对图尔库大教堂，矗立于奥拉河畔的老城核心地带。
• From its Turku base, Åbo Akademi serves as an anchor of Swedish-language academic and cultural life in Finland, with activities concentrated in Turku and Vaasa.凭借图尔库这一据点，该校成为芬兰瑞典语学术与文化生活的重镇，其活动集中于图尔库与瓦萨。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027, Åbo Akademi University is placed 670th in the world.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，奥布学术大学位列世界第 670 位。 ^[1]
• It is not listed in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 main table.该校未进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学主榜。
• In the U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking for 2026 to 2027 the university is placed 1,290th in the world.2026 至 2027 年版《美国新闻与世界报道》最佳全球大学排名将该校列为世界第 1,290 位。
• Åbo Akademi is not included in the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026 compiled by ShanghaiRanking.该校未进入上海软科编制的 2026 年世界大学学术排名。
• The OpenAlex database credits the university with 25,864 works and 1,674,552 citations, reflecting its concentration in Swedish-language social, human and natural sciences.OpenAlex 数据库为该校收录 25,864 篇成果、被引用 1,674,552 次，体现出其在瑞典语社会科学、人文与自然科学方面的集中度。
• Within Finland the university is best known for its distinctive Swedish-language profile, which positions it as the leading centre for Swedish-language research in the country.在芬兰国内，该校最知名的就是其鲜明的瑞典语特色，这使其成为全国瑞典语研究的首要基地。
• Its research strengths include social sciences, theology, education, chemical engineering and process chemistry, and the biosciences clustered around the Turku biotechnology community.其科研优势涵盖社会科学、神学、教育学、化学工程与过程化学，以及围绕图尔库生物技术群体的生物科学。
• Because it is small and specialised, Åbo Akademi depends on external funding, and 54 million euro of its 2024 turnover came from competitive external sources.由于规模小且高度专门化，该校依赖外部经费：2024 年营收中有 5,400 万欧元来自竞争性外部来源。
• The university's annual output of 1,379 publications forms part of the Finnish funding model, in which research production directly affects state allocations.该校每年 1,379 篇的论文产出属于芬兰拨款模型的组成部分，科研产出直接影响国家拨款。
• Åbo Akademi is regarded, along with the Swedish-language programmes of the University of Helsinki, as one of the principal universities of Finland's Swedish-speaking minority.奥布学术大学与赫尔辛基大学的瑞典语项目一道，被视为芬兰瑞典语少数族群的主要高等教育机构。

Student life

• Åbo Akademi has no widely publicised Latin motto, and its identity rests instead on Swedish-language academic tradition and on the values of research freedom and ethical responsibility.奥布学术大学并无广为流传的拉丁文校训，其自我认同更多建立在瑞典语学术传统以及研究自由与伦理责任等价值之上。
• The Student Union of Åbo Akademi represents students and plays a central role in Swedish-language student culture in Turku.奥布学术大学学生自治组织代表全体学生，在图尔库的瑞典语学生文化中居于核心地位。
• Student life is closely tied to the Swedish-speaking communities of Turku and Vaasa, with subject societies and student associations organising social and cultural events throughout the year.学生生活与图尔库、瓦萨的瑞典语社群紧密相连，各类学科协会与学生社团全年组织社交与文化活动。
• The university and the Åbo Akademi Foundation cooperate to provide student housing and to maintain the buildings in which student activities take place.学校与奥布学术大学基金会合作提供学生住宿，并维护开展学生活动的校舍。
• Traditional doctoral promotion ceremonies, with doctoral hats and swords, are a landmark of the university's ceremonial calendar and bring alumni back to Turku.以博士帽与佩剑为标志的传统博士授衔典礼是该校仪典日程的亮点，吸引校友重返图尔库。
• Sport and recreation at Åbo Akademi are largely arranged through student societies, and the university makes use of facilities shared with the other Turku university.该校的体育与休闲活动主要由学生社团组织，并与图尔库另一所大学共用相关设施。
• Because the university is small, subject societies and the student union give students close contact with one another and with staff across the two campuses.由于学校规模不大，学科协会与学生自治组织使两校区的学生之间以及师生之间保持着紧密联系。
• The strongest cultural anchor for students is the bilingual city of Turku itself, whose Swedish-language schools, theatres and newspapers overlap heavily with the student and academic community.对学生而言最坚实的文化依托是双语城市图尔库本身，其瑞典语学校、剧院与报刊同学生和学术社群高度交叠。

Notable people

• Edvard Westermarck, the sociologist and anthropologist who served as the university's first rector from 1918 to 1921, was also a professor at the London School of Economics from 1907 to 1930.1918 至 1921 年出任该校首任校长的社会学与人类学家爱德华·韦斯特马克，还于 1907 至 1930 年在伦敦政治经济学院任教授。
• Gustav Björkstrand, rector from 1997 to 2005, later served as Bishop of Porvoo and was one of the church leaders of Finland's Swedish-speaking minority.1997 至 2005 年任校长的古斯塔夫·比约克斯特兰德后来出任波尔沃主教，是芬兰瑞典语少数族群的教会领袖之一。
• Björn Vikström, professor of systematic theology at the university, served as Bishop of Porvoo from 2009 to 2019.该校系统神学教授比约恩·维克斯特伦于 2009 至 2019 年担任波尔沃主教。
• Stefan Wallin, who took a master's degree in political science and public law at Åbo Akademi in 1994, led the Swedish People's Party and served as Finland's Minister of Culture and Sport.1994 年在奥布学术大学取得政治学与公法硕士学位的斯特凡·瓦林，曾任芬兰瑞典人民党主席以及文化与体育部长。
• Moira von Wright served as rector from 2019 to 2021 and was one of the academics who shaped the university's recent organisational reforms.莫伊拉·冯·赖特于 2019 至 2021 年任校长，是参与塑造该校近期组织改革的学者之一。
• Tove Jansson, the creator of the Moomin books, received an honorary doctorate from Åbo Akademi in 1978, illustrating the university's ties to Swedish-language culture in Finland.《姆明》系列作者托芙·扬松于 1978 年获授该校荣誉博士学位，体现出学校与芬兰瑞典语文化的联系。
• Mikael Lindfelt served as rector from 2022 until April 2025 and oversaw the university's restructuring into two faculties.米凯尔·林德费尔特于 2022 年任职至 2025 年 4 月，其间主持了学校向两大学院的重组。
• Gunilla Widén became Acting Rector from 4 April 2025, leading the university through the first phase of its new two-faculty organisation.古妮拉·维登自 2025 年 4 月 4 日起出任代理校长，带领学校度过两学院新架构的起步阶段。
• Carl Gustav Gahmberg, a biochemist, serves as chancellor of Åbo Akademi, an honorary office that represents the university's academic traditions.生物化学家卡尔·古斯塔夫·加姆贝里担任该校校监，这一荣誉职位代表学校的学术传统。
• Otto Andersson, a musicologist who was rector from 1929 to 1936, helped shape the university's early humanities profile.1929 至 1936 年任校长的音乐学家奥托·安德松，对学校早期人文学科格局的形成有所贡献。
• Nils Erik Enkvist, rector from 1966 to 1969, was a linguist known for his work on text linguistics and English philology in Finland.1966 至 1969 年任校长的尼尔斯·埃里克·恩奎斯特是语言学家，以在芬兰从事文本语言学与英语语文学研究著称。